Kodokan Judo was Founded in 1882 by Jigoro Kano, Kodokan Judo is a synthesis of many classical Jujutsu styles (of which Kano was an avid student), selected in accordance with Kano's personal philosophy on combat - "to make the most effecient use of mental and physical energy..." by first giving way to an opponent, then using his own energy to defeat him. Among the changes he made in the techniques was that of eliminating many of the most dangerous, uncontrolled techniques, on the theory that techniques which can be safely practiced may be better learned by students. Judo techniques are divided into three primary catagories - Nage-waza (throwing techniques), Katame-waza (grappling techniques), and Atemi-waza. Emphasis is first on throwing techniques (which Kano believed superior both as physical tools and as spiritual exercise), then on grappling, with striking techniques being practiced almost wholely in kata form. Like the Jujutsu which preceded it, Judo has many defenses against unarmed attacks, as well as knife, club, sword, and gun attacks.In combat, the judoka generally will wait until attacked, then avoid the intial attack and counter with a throw. If neccessary, the throw may be followed by a pinning technique, joint lock, or choke. One of the most popular martial arts in the world, judo instruction can be found almost anywhere, but most truly advanced teaching is done at the Kodokan school in Tokyo.